Some introductions to web

Refer 

• How to host a site , Taking a Domain Name & Hosting and  The "terms" used in all programming languages

Back to Creating web site

Points covered here : 

1. Domain Name
2. Host name
3. What is web hosting?
4. Types of Hosting companies
5. What is an IP Address?
6. What is Domain Name Server (DNS)
7. What does FTP stand for?
8. What is Filezilla ?
9. What is a Web server ?
10. Difference between Scripting Language & Programming Language
11. What is SERVER side scripting & CLIENT side scripting?
12. What is CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) ?
13. 
    

1 : Domain Name :

When you use the Internet, you use domain name and hostnames all the time. These hostnames and domain names when put together become the Internet address that you search with.

Domain name is an addressing construct used for identifying and locating computers on the Internet. Domain names provide a system of easy-to-remember Internet addresses, which can be translated by the Domain Name System (DNS) into the numeric addresses (Internet Protocol (IP) numbers) used by a network.
Domain Names always have 2 or more parts seperated by the dots.
Eg : landecsurvey.com

Here , "landecsurvey" is the leftmost part is the word that identifies the entity & this is a unique name and there can not be any duplicates.

The second part, or the rightmost part is the TLD, or Top Level Domain. This is .Com which means that it is a commercial organization.

Domain name is something like your House Name , and a Hosting Plan is something like a plot in which you want to build your house .

2 : Hostname

Hostname is the term for the label that is assigned to any device connected to a computer network and is used to identify the device across the web.
A hostname usually consists of a single word or phrase and can be followed by a Domain Name System domain at the end. That is, a website. Used this way, the hostname is called a domain name.

Hostnames can be a confusing as they have a double meaning. The hostname of an Internet Address is all of the left most pieces of a full internet address if there are more than 2 parts to the address. If there are only 2 parts of the address, then the hostname is equivalent to the domain name.

Here are some examples:

Full Address	Hostname	Domain Name/Subdomain	TLD
www.landecsurvey.com	www	landecsurvey.com	com
landecsurvey.com	landecsurvey.com	landecsurvey.com	com
www.google.net	www	google.net	net
my.www.landecsurvey.com	my	www.landecsurvey.com	com

landecsurvey.com is the domain name.
www is the hostname
www.landecsurvey.com is the hostname as well !!!

3 : What is Web Hosting

Web Hosting or 'Hosting' is a service provided by a vendor which offers a physical location for the storage of web pages and files. Think of a Web Hosting Company as a type of landlord, they rent physical space on their servers allowing webpages to be viewed on the Internet.

4: Types of Hosting companies

Hosting options available are:

• Free Hosting : Free web hosting can be a good choice when you just want to build a non-critical website for fun. Very often in a free hosting environment, connection speed is slow, website can be down frequently, and advertising banners is automatically added to your website. Some companies require you to purchase your domain name to receive free hosting services from them, while others offer you a free subdomain under them, such as [yourname.webhost.com]. Be careful as you will not be able to transfer these free subdomains.
• Shared Hosting : In a shared hosting environment, your and other website owners shared one server. This includes sharing the physical server and the software applications within the server. Shared hosting services are affordable because the cost to operate the server is shared between you and these other owners. There are, however, a number of down sides, such as being slower.
• Dedicated Hosting : In a dedicated hosting environment, you have the entire web server to yourself. This allows for faster performance, as you have all the server’s resources entirely, without sharing with other website owners. However, this also means that you will be responsible for the cost of server operation entirely. This is a good choice for websites that requires a lot of system resources, or need a higher level of security.
• Collocated Hosting : In this type of hosting, you will purchase your own server and have it housed at a web host’s facilities. You will be responsible for the server itself. An advantage of this type of hosting service is you have full control of the web server. You can install any scripts or applications you need.

5 : What is an IP Address?

Every computer connected to the Internet must have a unique address known as an IP (Internet Protocol) address. The IP address is a numeric address written as a set of four numbers separated by dots, for example 64.149.219.213. The address provides a unique identification of a computer and the network it belongs to.

6 : What is Domain Name Server (DNS)

Each computer on the Internet is assigned a unique address, called an IP address. A typical IP address looks like this: 199.123.456.7

It is very difficult to keep in mind the IP addresses of all the websites we visit daily. Words are easier to remember than strings of numbers. This is where domain names come into the picture. When you visit a website, all you need to know is its URL. Computers remember numbers, and DNS helps us convert the URL into an IP address that the computer can understand.

7 : What does FTP stand for?

File Transfer Protocol - Allows the transfer of one or more files from one computer to another across the Internet. Usually from a personal computer to a Server or vice versa.
Or , It is a system that allows you to log in to a server and upload, download or modify content.

8 : What is Filezilla ?

FileZilla is a free, open source, pair of software for ftp.
It is a program that actually lets you transfers files over FTP. There are FTP server and an FTP client . They are used for transferring files over a network.

What is the difference between FileZilla Client and FileZilla Server?

FileZilla Server is an FTP server that clients can connect to. You provide access to some portion of your hard drives for download, upload, or both by other users.

FileZilla Client is an FTP client for connecting to an FTP server someone else is running.

Download Filezilla Client , to upload your web site on the web.

9: What is a Web server ?

A web server is a piece of software that enables a website to be viewed using HTTP. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the key protocol for the transfer of data on the web. You know when you're using HTTP because the website URL begins with "http://" (for example, "http://www.landecsurvey.com").

10. Difference between Scripting Language & Programming Language

Scripting Language are languages that allow you to send commands directly to a system that executes these commands. These commands are read line by line and executed. An error is issued when a line cannot be executed for any reasn (wrong syntaxor illegal operation,...). e.g. Python, shell-script, Matlab.

Programming Language are languages that allow you to create a program by writing structured code that is read all at once by the system, checked for errors, and translated into an unreadable format that the machine can then execute. e.g. Java, C/C++, Visual Basic...

11. What is SERVER side scripting & CLIENT side scripting??

?? In the context of web programming, what are the differences between Server-side programming and Client-side programming? Which languages belong to which, and when do you use each of them?

== 3 points you have to note;

1. The Server - This party is responsible for serving pages.
2. The Client - This party requests pages from the Server, and displays them to the user. On most cases, the client is a web browser.
3. The User - The user uses the Client in order to surf the web, fill in forms, watch videos online, etc.

(a) Server-side programming :

Server-side programming is writing code that runs on the server, using languages supported by the server (such as Java, ASP,PHP, C#; it is possible to write code that executes on the server-side in JavaScript).

Uses

• Process user input.
• Display pages.
• Structure web applications.
• Interact with permanent storage (SQL, files).

(b) Client-side programming

Client-side programming is writing code that will run on the client, and is done in languages that can be executed by the browser, such as JavaScrip,HTML,CSS...etc.

Uses

• Make interactive webpages.
• Make stuff happen dynamically on the web page.
• Interact with temporary storage, and local storage (Cookies, localStorage).
• Send requests to the server, and retrieve data from it.
• Provide a remote service for client-side applications, such as software registration, content delivery, or remote multi-player gaming.

(c) Basic Example

• The User opens his web browser (the Client).
• The User browses to http://google.com.
• The Client (on the behalf of the User), sends a request to http://google.com (the Server), for their home page.
• The Server then acknowledges the request, and replies the client with some meta-data (calledheaders), followed by the page's source.
• The Client then receives the page's source, and renders it into a human viewable website.
• The User types http://programming-bca-mca.blogspot.com/ into the search bar, and presses Enter
• The Client submits that data to the Server.
• The Server processes that data, and replies with a page matching the search results.
• The Client, once again, renders that page for the User to view.

12. What is CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) ?

An HTML document can be displayed with different styles.

Styles define how to display HTML elements.
In the case of large sites, if we add styles and color in each page , it became large.

That is , Development of large web sites, where fonts and color information were added to every single page, became a long and expensive process.

To solve this problem , all formatting could be removed from the HTML document, and stored in a separate CSS file.

CSS defines HOW HTML elements are to be displayed.

Thus, save a lot of work with CSS..Just like JavaScript, CSS also using along with HTML.

A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and declaration groups are surrounded by curly brackets:

Example :

<html>
.........
p {color:red;text-align:center;}
..........
</html>




Will Continue.....